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Instrumental error arises from

  • A.unpredictable fluctuations in the ambient conditions
  • B.the observer standing at an angle to the scale
  • C.shortcomings in the instrument's construction or calibration
  • D.mistakes made by the observer in reading the scale

Answer: C

Correct answer: shortcomings in the instrument's construction or calibration

Instrumental errors belong to the instrument: friction in the bearings, a scale divided unevenly, a spring that has aged, a calibration that has drifted. They are systematic and reproducible, which is what makes them correctable - a calibration reveals them and a correction removes them.

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