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A result quoted as 100.0 plus or minus 0.2 with a coverage factor of two means that

  • A.the standard uncertainty is 0.4 and confidence is about 99 per cent
  • B.the error is certainly no larger than 0.2 in any circumstances
  • C.the reading was repeated exactly two hundred times
  • D.the standard uncertainty is 0.1 and confidence is about 95 per cent

Answer: D

Dividing the expanded figure by the coverage factor recovers the standard uncertainty, and the factor of two corresponds to about ninety-five per cent for a normal distribution. Reading the interval as a guarantee rather than a confidence statement is the usual misunderstanding.

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