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A resistance is quoted as 15.000 \( \Omega \) at 20 \( ^\circ \)C. Reporting a bridge measurement of it to five figures without recording the temperature is

  • A.meaningless, since copper changes 0.4 per cent per degree
  • B.acceptable, provided the bridge itself was calibrated at that same reference temperature
  • C.acceptable, because the temperature coefficient of a manganin standard is essentially zero
  • D.meaningless, because a bridge measurement can never be trusted beyond three figures

Answer: A

A single degree changes a copper resistance in the fourth significant figure, so a five-figure value without a temperature is not a statement about anything. Standards are made of manganin precisely because its coefficient is small, but the specimen under test usually is not.

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