Discussion
Which one of the following is the definition of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) obtained from a stress-strain test on a metal specimen?
Answer: B
UTS is the maximum load attained divided by the original cross-sectional area.
The ultimate tensile strength is an engineering stress: the highest point of the engineering stress-strain curve. Engineering stress always divides the load by the original area \(A_{0}\), so \(\text{UTS} = P_{max}/A_{0}\). After this point the specimen necks and the load falls.
The other definitions describe different quantities. The transition from elastic to plastic behaviour is the yield point (yield strength). The maximum load divided by the instantaneous area is the true stress at maximum load, which is higher than the UTS because the area has already shrunk. The stress at which the specimen breaks is the fracture (breaking) stress, which for a ductile metal lies below the UTS on the engineering curve.
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