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Which material has the lowest specific heat capacity at room temperature?

  • A.Water
  • B.Mercury
  • C.Copper
  • D.Silver

Answer: B

The lowest specific heat capacity belongs to Mercury.

Approximate specific heats at room temperature, per unit mass:

  • water: about 4.18 J/(g K)
  • copper: about 0.385 J/(g K)
  • silver: about 0.235 J/(g K)
  • mercury: about 0.14 J/(g K)

The molar heat capacity of metals is roughly the same (the Dulong-Petit value, about 25 J/(mol K)), so on a per-gram basis the heaviest atoms have the lowest specific heat. Mercury, with an atomic mass of about 201, comes out lowest; silver (108) and copper (64) are higher. Water, with its hydrogen bonding, has one of the highest specific heats of any common substance.

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