Discussion
Who calls the political economy of the Vijayanagara regime of the sixteenth century as feudal ?
Answer: A
Noboru Karashima is the historian who described the political economy of sixteenth century Vijayanagara as feudal, option (A). From a study of thousands of inscriptions he argued that the Nayakas, the military chiefs of the empire, grew into feudal lords holding land by service. He criticised Burton Stein, whose theory in option (B) is that of a segmentary state, with ritual sovereignty and no strong central control, which is different. K.V. Ramesh and N. Venkataramanayya wrote on Vijayanagara inscriptions and history but are not known for this view, so (C) and (D) are wrong.
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