Discussion
In operating systems, internal fragmentation occurs when
Answer: B
Correct answer: allocated memory is slightly larger than the requested memory, leaving unused space inside a block
Internal fragmentation is space wasted inside an allocated block, because memory is handed out in fixed units and the request rarely fills the last one exactly. A process needing 5 KB with a 4 KB page size receives two pages and wastes 3 KB. External fragmentation, the second option, is the opposite: enough free memory exists in total but it is scattered in pieces too small to satisfy a request. The distinction determines the remedy. Paging eliminates external fragmentation entirely, since any free frame will do for any page, but introduces internal fragmentation of at most one page per process - on average half a page. Contiguous allocation and segmentation avoid internal fragmentation but suffer external. Compaction cures external fragmentation by shuffling processes together to make one large hole, at considerable cost in copying, and only works if relocation is dynamic.
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