Discussion
Address binding at execution time requires
Answer: A
Correct answer: hardware support such as a relocation register
Binding logical addresses to physical ones at execution time requires hardware support, classically a relocation or base register whose contents are added to every address the process generates. The memory management unit performs the addition on each reference. Its advantage is that a process can be moved in memory during execution, since only the register need change. That is what makes swapping and compaction possible, and it is the basis of every modern system - paging being the general form of the same idea, with a page table in place of a single register. The alternatives bind earlier and are less flexible. Compile-time binding produces absolute code that must be loaded at one fixed address; changing it requires recompilation. Load-time binding produces relocatable code fixed when the program is loaded, so it can start anywhere but cannot move afterwards. A limit register accompanies the base register to enforce protection, trapping any address beyond the process’s allocation.
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