Discussion
Thrashing in an operating system occurs when
Answer: B
Correct answer: a process spends more time paging than executing
Thrashing is the state in which a process spends more time servicing page faults than doing useful work. It arises when a process has too few frames to hold its working set - the pages it is actively using - so each reference evicts a page that will be needed almost immediately. What makes it pathological is the feedback loop. The operating system sees low CPU utilisation and concludes that more processes should be admitted; that reduces the frames available to each; more page faults follow; utilisation falls further. Throughput collapses rather than degrading gracefully. The remedies attack the cause rather than the symptom. The working set model allocates each process enough frames for the pages it has referenced in a recent window, suspending processes that cannot be given enough. Page-fault frequency control adjusts allocation directly, adding frames when the fault rate rises and removing them when it falls. Simply adding physical memory also helps, which is why thrashing is far less common than it was.
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