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Discussion

Bankruptcy occurs when:

  • A.a firm experiences economic failure.
  • B.a firm is unable to pay its liabilities as they come due and is facing a liquidity crisis
  • C.a firm's liabilities exceed the fair market value of its assets
  • D.a firm comes under the authority of a bankruptcy court

Answer: D

Correct answer: a firm comes under the authority of a bankruptcy court

Bankruptcy is a legal status, not an economic condition. A firm may be economically failing, illiquid, or insolvent on a balance sheet test without being bankrupt, and it becomes bankrupt only when a court takes jurisdiction over it. The three other options describe economic failure, a liquidity crisis and balance sheet insolvency respectively - each a possible cause of a bankruptcy filing rather than the thing itself.

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