Discussion
Plume rise from a hot stack is driven principally by
Answer: B
Correct answer: Buoyancy from the temperature difference
Plume rise from a hot stack is driven chiefly by buoyancy. The exhaust gas is much warmer than the surrounding air, so it is less dense and accelerates upward, continuing to rise until it has mixed with enough ambient air to reach the same temperature and level off.
Momentum from the exit velocity contributes as the gas leaves the stack, but for a hot combustion source the buoyant contribution dominates and carries the plume far higher. The pollutant's molecular weight is irrelevant at trace concentrations, and stack diameter and wind speed modify the rise rather than causing it - a stronger wind in fact reduces it by mixing the plume out faster.
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