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Looping plume behaviour is characteristic of

  • A.A surface inversion with a stable layer aloft
  • B.Neutral conditions
  • C.Strongly unstable conditions
  • D.Strongly stable conditions

Answer: C

Correct answer: Strongly unstable conditions

Looping is the plume of a strongly unstable, superadiabatic atmosphere. Large convective eddies of a scale comparable with the plume itself carry whole sections of it up and down, so the plume traces a wavy, looping path downwind.

Dilution overall is rapid, but the loops can bring undiluted plume to the ground close to the stack, producing brief high concentrations there. Neutral conditions give the smooth cone of coning, and strongly stable conditions the flat horizontal ribbon of fanning.

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