Discussion
A plume is observed as a thin flat ribbon extending many kilometres with almost no vertical spread.
What does this indicate?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Strongly stable conditions
A thin flat ribbon with almost no vertical spread is fanning, the plume form of a strongly stable atmosphere. Vertical motion is suppressed because a parcel displaced upward becomes colder and denser than its surroundings, so the plume spreads horizontally by meandering but scarcely grows in depth.
Ground level concentrations near the source are very low while this lasts, which can be deceptive - the material is accumulating aloft and may arrive at the surface all at once when the inversion breaks. Neutral conditions give the gently expanding cone of coning, and strongly unstable conditions the vigorous looping form.
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