Discussion
Match each plume behaviour in List I with the stability profile that produces it in List II.
List I
A. Looping
B. Coning
C. Fanning
D. Lofting
List II
1. Neutral throughout
2. Strongly unstable throughout
3. Stable below the stack, unstable above
4. Stable throughout
Select the correct match.
Answer: B
Correct answer: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Each plume form follows from the stability profile through the depth the plume occupies. Looping (A) needs strongly unstable air throughout (2), whose large convective eddies throw the plume up and down. Coning (B) is the neutral case (1), in which the plume expands smoothly and symmetrically.
Fanning (C) requires stable air throughout (4), which suppresses vertical growth and leaves a thin ribbon. Lofting (D) needs stable air below the stack with unstable air above (3), so the plume disperses upward while the stable layer beneath keeps it off the ground - the most favourable arrangement of the four.
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