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Substrate-level phosphorylation refers to the formation of ATP by ________.

  • A.a proton gradient across a membrane
  • B.direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated compound to ADP
  • C.the action of light on a pigment
  • D.the reduction of NAD to NADH

Answer: C

Correct answer: direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated compound to ADP

Here an enzyme moves a phosphate straight from a high-energy intermediate onto ADP, as happens twice in glycolysis. It requires no membrane and no electron transport chain, which is why fermenting organisms depend on it entirely.

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