Discussion
Bacteria are capable of "sharing" genetic material that can be advantageous in certain environments. This type of gene transmission is an example of which of the following?
Answer: D
Correct answer: Conjugation
Conjugation is the sharing of genetic material through direct contact between bacterial cells, and it is the mechanism by which advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance spread through a population. A conjugative plasmid encodes its own transfer machinery, so a single resistant cell can convert its neighbours - and, because plasmid host ranges are often broad, cells of other species too.
The word "sharing" is the clue: the donor keeps a copy while passing one on. Transformation and transduction also move genes horizontally but depend on free DNA or a phage rather than on contact, and fission is ordinary cell division, which passes genes vertically to daughter cells.
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