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What is the effective dielectric constant of a microstrip patch?

  • A.A value between one and the substrate permittivity
  • B.Exactly the permittivity of the substrate material used beneath the patch
  • C.Always equal to one, since most of the field is in the air above the patch
  • D.A value larger than the substrate permittivity because of the ground plane

Answer: A

Part of the field travels in the substrate and part in the air above, so the wave sees a weighted average lying between one and the substrate value. A thin substrate of high permittivity confines more of the field and pushes the effective value towards the material figure. It can never exceed the substrate permittivity or fall to one for a real structure. This mixed medium behaviour is what makes microstrip formulas empirical rather than exact.

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