Discussion
What is a surface wave in a microstrip antenna?
Answer: B
Some of the energy is trapped in the dielectric slab and travels sideways until it diffracts at the board edge, radiating in unwanted directions and coupling into neighbouring elements. Thick, high permittivity substrates excite it most strongly, which is one of the limits on making a patch broadband by thickening the board. Patch currents, feed standing waves and edge reflections are separate phenomena. Surface waves are the hidden loss mechanism in printed antenna design.
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