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What are the consequences of strong surface wave excitation?

  • A.An increase in the cross polar level with no other measurable effect
  • B.A rise in the impedance bandwidth accompanied by a loss of gain
  • C.Reduced efficiency, distorted patterns and higher mutual coupling
  • D.A shift in the resonant frequency of the patch towards a higher value

Answer: C

Energy that leaves sideways is lost to the intended beam, diffracts from the board edges into stray radiation and travels between elements of an array as unwanted coupling. Photonic bandgap ground planes and cavity backing are among the remedies. The resonant frequency is set by the patch dimensions, the cross polar effect is one symptom among several, and bandwidth is not improved by loss of this kind. A single mechanism producing three separate symptoms is worth recognising as one problem.

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