Discussion
What is the typical gain of a single rectangular patch element?
Answer: B
A patch over a ground plane radiates into a hemisphere with a broad beam, giving 6 to 8 decibels over isotropic depending on the substrate and the ground plane size. Higher gain requires an array of patches, which is exactly how printed antennas reach the twenty five or thirty decibels a satellite terminal needs. A single element is modest, and recognising that fixes expectations before a design is attempted.
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