Discussion
Three of the following leave with the bran. Which becomes the flour?
Starchy endosperm
Pericarp
Aleurone layer
Seed coat
Answer: B
Correct answer: Starchy endosperm
The starchy endosperm becomes the flour. It is about 83 per cent of the wheat kernel, consisting of starch granules in a protein matrix, and the whole object of milling is to release it cleanly from the layers around it.
The other three leave with the bran. The pericarp and seed coat are the outer coats, and the aleurone layer, though nutritionally the richest single layer in the grain, adheres so firmly to them that conventional milling cannot separate it - which is why white flour loses much of the grain's minerals and B vitamins.
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