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Brown adipose tissue generates heat rather than ATP because its mitochondria contain

  • A.no functioning electron transport chain at all
  • B.an unusually small number of cristae inside
  • C.none of the citric acid cycle enzymes
  • D.an uncoupling protein in the inner membrane

Answer: D

The protein lets protons leak back without turning the synthase, so the energy of the gradient escapes as warmth. Newborn mammals and hibernators rely on the arrangement. The tissue is brown because it is packed with iron-rich mitochondria.

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