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How many different combinations of chromosomes can arise from independent assortment alone in a human gamete, given 23 pairs?

  • A.23
  • B.about 1,024
  • C.about 8.4 million
  • D.46

Answer: C

Each pair can orient in two ways, so the total is 2 raised to the 23rd power, which is 8,388,608. Crossing over multiplies the variety far beyond even this figure. The number of genetically distinct gametes is effectively unlimited.

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