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3.0 g of a salt of molecular weight 30 is dissolved in 250 mL of water. The molarity of the solution is

  • A.0.1 M
  • B.0.2 M
  • C.0.3 M
  • D.0.4 M
  • E.0.5 M

Answer: D

The molarity is 0.4 M.

Molarity is moles of solute per litre of solution (taking the solution volume as 250 mL).

\[ \begin{aligned} n &= \frac{3.0}{30} = 0.1\ \text{mol} \\ M &= \frac{0.1}{0.25} = 0.4\ \text{M} \end{aligned} \]

0.1 M forgets to divide by the volume in litres, and 0.3 M or 0.5 M come from using the wrong volume. Molarity uses litres of solution, while molality would use kilograms of solvent; with 250 mL of water both give about 0.4 here.

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