Discussion
Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar?
Answer: A
The nonpolar molecule is \(\mathrm{CO_{2}}\).
Each C=O bond in carbon dioxide is polar, because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon. But the molecule is linear, O=C=O, so the two equal bond dipoles point in exactly opposite directions and cancel. The net dipole moment is zero.
Water is bent and has a net dipole moment (about 1.85 D). Methanol and HCl are polar too: in each, the bond dipoles do not cancel. NaCl is an ionic compound, the extreme opposite of nonpolar; as a gaseous ion pair it has a very large dipole moment.
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