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The correct increasing order of dipole moment of the following molecules is

  • A.\(\mathrm{NF_3 \lt CHCl_3 \lt NH_3 \lt H_2O}\)
  • B.\(\mathrm{NF_3 \lt CHCl_3 \lt H_2O \lt NH_3}\)
  • C.\(\mathrm{H_2O \lt NF_3 \lt CHCl_3 \lt NH_3}\)
  • D.\(\mathrm{CHCl_3 \lt NF_3 \lt H_2O \lt NH_3}\)
  • E.\(\mathrm{NH_3 \lt NF_3 \lt CHCl_3 \lt H_2O}\)

Answer: A

The increasing order is NF3 \(\lt\) CHCl3 \(\lt\) NH3 \(\lt\) H2O.

The dipole moments are about 0.24 D for NF3, 1.04 D for CHCl3, 1.47 D for NH3 and 1.85 D for H2O.

NF3 is low because the lone pair on nitrogen points opposite to the N-F bond dipoles and partly cancels them, whereas in NH3 the lone pair and the N-H bond dipoles point the same way. Water, with two strongly polar O-H bonds and a bent shape, has the largest moment.

Every other option puts NH3 above H2O or misplaces NF3.

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