Discussion
Which one of the following feature is NOT necessary for the formation of Indian summer monsoon?
Answer: B
The feature that is NOT necessary is El Niño.
The Indian summer monsoon is driven by differential heating of land and sea, which sets up a meridional pressure gradient between the heated subcontinent and the Indian Ocean, and it is marked by the seasonal reversal of the winds from north-easterly to south-westerly. It forms every year.
El Niño, the warm phase of ENSO in the Pacific, occurs only every few years and tends to weaken the monsoon rather than create it. It modulates the monsoon's strength but is not needed for it to form.
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