Discussion
During summer monsoon season, water from Arabian Sea spreads over the south-western Bay of Bengal. This leads to
Answer: A
The spreading leads to the formation of salt fingers.
During the summer monsoon, the Summer Monsoon Current carries warm, high-salinity Arabian Sea water into the south-western Bay of Bengal, where it spreads beneath the fresh, low-salinity surface layer fed by rivers and rain. Warm, salty water above cooler, fresher water is the configuration that favours salt fingering: heat diffuses faster than salt, so parcels of salty water sinking into the cooler layer lose their heat but keep their salt and continue to sink as narrow fingers. The intrusion therefore sets up conditions favourable to this double-diffusive mixing.
Upwelling and downwelling are driven by wind stress and Ekman divergence or convergence, and a western boundary current arises from the basin-scale wind-driven circulation, not from the spreading of a water mass.
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