Discussion
Which one of the following is the main cause of the land-sea temperature contrast that drives phenomena like sea breeze and the Indian summer monsoon?
Answer: C
The main cause is the difference in the specific heat capacities between the land and the sea.
Water has a specific heat several times that of soil and rock, and the ocean also mixes heat down through a deep layer, while the land surface heats only a thin layer. For the same solar input the land therefore warms much faster by day and in summer, and cools faster by night and in winter. The resulting temperature and pressure contrast drives the sea breeze on a daily scale and the monsoon on a seasonal scale.
Albedo, cloud cover and surface roughness do differ between land and sea and modify the contrast, but they are not its main cause.
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