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Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence

  • A.can be differentiated into multiple kinds.
  • B.is influenced only by genetics and not by environmental factors.
  • C.is dominantly about recall and memorization.
  • D.is primarily about emotional learning.

Answer: A

Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence can be differentiated into multiple kinds.

In his theory of multiple intelligences (1983), Gardner described several relatively independent intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinaesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic. A person may be strong in some and weaker in others.

Gardner accepted that both heredity and environment shape intelligence, so option B is wrong. He rejected the narrow view of intelligence as recall or as one general ability, so option C is wrong. Emotional learning is closer to Goleman's emotional intelligence, not Gardner's whole theory.

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