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Which of the following statements about intelligence is correct ?

  • A.Intelligence is a fixed ability determined at the time of birth only.
  • B.Intelligence can be accurately measured and determined by using standardized tests.
  • C.Intelligence is a unitary factor and a single trait.
  • D.Intelligence is multi-dimensional and a set of complex abilities.

Answer: D

The correct statement is that intelligence is multi-dimensional and a set of complex abilities.

Modern views, such as Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences and Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory, see intelligence as several abilities, including linguistic, logical, spatial, interpersonal and practical, which are shaped by both heredity and environment.

Intelligence is not fixed at birth, since experience and schooling change it. No standardised test measures it accurately or completely, and the idea of a single unitary trait has been replaced by multi-factor views.

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