Discussion
In plane polar coordinates the element of area is
Answer: D
A small patch spans \( dr \) radially and \( r\,d\theta \) around, since arc length is radius times angle, so its area is the product
\[ dA \;=\; r\,dr\,d\theta. \]
The factor \( r \) is the Jacobian of the transformation from Cartesian coordinates, and omitting it is the commonest error in polar integration: patches far from the origin would then count for no more than those near it
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