Discussion
In a DNA sequence, if nucleotide A is replaced by nucleotide G, the resulting mutation will be a ............... mutation.
Answer: D
Replacing A with G is a transition mutation.
A transition substitutes one purine for another purine (A and G) or one pyrimidine for another (C and T). A and G are both purines, so A to G is a transition. A transversion swaps a purine for a pyrimidine or the reverse, such as A to T.
A frameshift requires an insertion or deletion that is not a multiple of three, not a substitution. 'Missense' describes an effect on the protein, an amino acid change, which depends on where the substitution falls in a codon; the question asks for the type of base change, which is fixed by the bases themselves.
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