Discussion
Which of the following mutagens is most likely to result in a single amino acid change in a gene product ?
Answer: C
A single amino acid change is most likely from ethyl methane sulphonate.
EMS is an alkylating agent: it ethylates guanine to O6-ethylguanine, which pairs with thymine, producing G:C to A:T transitions. A base substitution in a coding sequence typically changes one codon and hence one amino acid (a missense mutation).
Ethidium bromide, acriflavine and acridine orange are intercalating agents. They slip between base pairs and cause insertions or deletions of a base, which shift the reading frame and alter every amino acid downstream rather than just one.
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