Discussion
Identify the statement which is true for HIV transmission
Answer: A
The true statement is HIV infected women can transmit HIV to her foetus or infant before, during or after birth.
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur in pregnancy (across the placenta), during labour and delivery (exposure to blood and secretions), and after birth through breastfeeding. This is why the prevention of parent-to-child transmission programme gives antiretroviral therapy to the mother and prophylaxis to the baby.
Without intervention the risk of transmission is about 15 to 45%, not 90%, so the fourth statement is false. A sizeable share of infections also happens through breastfeeding, so it is wrong to say 90% occur in utero or at birth. The statement about prevalence in pregnant women is a surveillance figure that varies by district and is not a statement about how HIV is transmitted.
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