Discussion
When energy is converted from one form to another, the useful output is never as much as the input. The ratio of the useful output to the required input is called the :
Answer: A
The ratio is called the efficiency.
By the second law of thermodynamics every real energy conversion loses part of the input, usually as low-grade heat, so the useful output is always less than the input. Efficiency expresses how much is kept:
\[ \eta = \frac{\text{output}}{\text{input}} \times 100\% \]
A coal power station converts only about a third of the fuel's energy into electricity. Consistency and constancy describe steadiness, not a ratio of output to input, and 'deficiency' (printed 'Defficiency') means a shortfall, not this ratio.
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