Discussion
Assertion (A) : Utilitarianism has been criticized for creating a world of possessive individualism.
Reason (R) : Because social values were considered secondary to the creation and satisfaction of wants.
Codes :
Answer: A
The key is both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Classical utilitarianism judges actions and policies by the total satisfaction of individual wants and preferences. Critics argue that this treats society as a collection of separate wanting individuals, so it encourages a culture in which people are defined by what they own and consume: a world of possessive individualism.
The reason states why: social values such as solidarity, justice and community were treated as secondary to producing and satisfying wants. Because that ranking is the very feature the criticism attacks, (R) explains (A). The options saying (R) does not explain (A), or that either statement is false, miss this direct link.
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