Discussion
Assertion (A): A white paper still appears white in dim light.
Reason (R): Lightness is judged relative to the surround rather than in absolute terms.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason explains why. In dim light the paper sends far less light to the eye, so its brightness falls, but everything around it falls in the same proportion; lightness, being the ratio, is unchanged. The visual system judges surfaces against their surround rather than absolutely, and that is what makes surface colours stable across a wide range of illumination.
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