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The VLF and LF bauds use _______ propagation for communication.

  • A.Ground
  • B.Sky
  • C.Line of sight
  • D.Space

Answer: A

The VLF (very low frequency) and LF (low frequency) bands use ground propagation. Waves in these bands, from about 3 kHz to 300 kHz, follow the curvature of the earth near the surface and can travel very long distances in this way.

Sky propagation is typical of the HF band, where the ionosphere reflects the signal. Line of sight is used by VHF, UHF and higher bands, and space propagation belongs to satellite links in the highest bands. None of these applies to VLF and LF.

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