Discussion
For NMR spectra of proton nuclei, the commonly used reference is :
Answer: D
The usual reference is tetramethylsilane (TMS), printed 'Tetramethylsilame'.
TMS, Si(CH\(_{3}\))\(_{4}\), has twelve equivalent protons that give one sharp, strong signal. Silicon is less electronegative than carbon, so these protons are highly shielded and their signal lies upfield of almost all organic protons; it is assigned \(\delta = 0\) ppm. TMS is also chemically inert, soluble in most organic solvents and volatile, so it is easily removed.
Ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol give several signals, including an OH peak that shifts with conditions, so they are unsuitable references. Carbon tetrachloride has no protons at all; it is used as a solvent, not a reference.
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