Discussion
What does the integral of a proton signal measure?
Answer: B
The area under a peak is proportional to the number of nuclei contributing to it, so a three to two to one pattern of integrals identifies a methyl, a methylene and a single proton. Only ratios are meaningful unless a known standard is added. Relaxation times, coupling constants and shielding are read from other features entirely. Integration is quantitative in proton NMR because the relaxation of protons is fast enough for full recovery between pulses under ordinary conditions, which is exactly what fails for carbon.
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