Discussion
Consider the following pairings of multiplet and number of equivalent neighbours.
Singlet - no neighbouring protons
Doublet - one neighbouring proton
Triplet - two neighbouring protons
Quintet - three neighbouring protons
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Answer: A
The first three are right and the last is wrong. A quintet, five lines with intensities 1:4:6:4:1, needs four equivalent neighbours, not three; three neighbours give a quartet. The rule is simply that n equivalent neighbours give n plus one lines, so the middle methylene of a propyl chain flanked by a methyl and a methylene shows a multiplet approaching a sextet when the two couplings are similar. Counting neighbours correctly is the first habit to build when reading a proton spectrum.
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