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What causes thermal noise in a resistor?

  • A.Random motion of charge carriers
  • B.Discrete arrival of carriers across a junction barrier
  • C.Slow fluctuations in the surface state of the semiconductor
  • D.Division of current between two collecting electrodes

Answer: A

Thermal noise arises from the random thermal motion of charge carriers, so it depends on temperature and bandwidth alone and is present in any resistance whatever the current through it. Discrete arrival across a barrier is shot noise, which needs a current to flow. Slow surface fluctuations give flicker noise, dominant at low frequency. And current division between electrodes gives partition noise. Each mechanism has its own dependence, which is how they are told apart in a measurement.

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