Discussion
The mean square thermal noise voltage across a resistance is
Answer: D
The open-circuit voltage is given by \( \overline{v^{2}} = 4kTBR \), so a larger resistance develops more noise voltage even though the available power is unchanged. \( kTB \) is that available power. \( 2qIB \) belongs to shot noise. And the last expression has the wrong dimensions. The factor of four appears because the expression is for the open-circuit voltage rather than the voltage across a matched load, a distinction worth checking whenever the formula is quoted.
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