Discussion
For envelope-detected AM at unity index, the figure of merit is
Answer: B
With \( \gamma = \mu^{2}/(2+\mu^{2}) \) and \( \mu = 1 \):
\[ \gamma = \frac{1}{3} \]
so a third, and less at any shallower modulation. That is the quantitative statement of AM's inefficiency: two thirds of the power sits in a carrier that contributes nothing to the output ratio. Unity is the suppressed-carrier result. Two thirds and three do not follow from the expression. The figure of merit is the cleanest way to rank the schemes on noise. Most errors on this topic come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring scheme where it does not hold.
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