Discussion
Two uncorrelated noise sources each contribute \( 4 \ \mathrm{\mu V} \). Together they give
Answer: A
Uncorrelated voltages add in quadrature:
\[ v = \sqrt{4^{2}+4^{2}} = 5.7 \ \mathrm{\mu V} \]
so 5.7 microvolts, a rise of 3 dB rather than 6. 8 microvolts adds them arithmetically, which applies only to fully correlated sources. 4 microvolts ignores one. And 16 is their product. Whether quantities add in power, in voltage or in quadrature is decided by their correlation, and getting it wrong is worth a factor of two. Most errors on this topic come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring scheme where it does not hold.
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