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What happens to system noise figure if a lossy filter is added before the first amplifier?

  • A.It rises by the filter's loss
  • B.It falls by the filter's loss
  • C.It is unchanged because the filter is passive
  • D.It rises by half the filter's loss in decibels

Answer: A

A passive loss ahead of the gain adds its decibels straight to the system noise figure, which is why front-end filters are made as low-loss as their selectivity allows and why an amplifier is sometimes placed before them. Being passive does not exempt a component from the cascade formula; on the contrary, a lossy passive stage is the worst place to put attenuation. And the effect is the full loss rather than half of it. The parameter that varies and the parameter that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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