Discussion
What limits the useful modulation index in a practical FM system?
Answer: A
The allocated channel bandwidth caps the index, since bandwidth grows with deviation and a station may not spill into its neighbours. That is why broadcast FM settled on an index of about five rather than the far larger value the noise arithmetic would favour. Audio linearity affects distortion rather than the index. Noise figure sets sensitivity. And oscillator stability concerns frequency accuracy. Regulatory allocation, rather than physics, is what stops the bandwidth-for-noise trade being pushed further, and that is worth remembering when the arithmetic suggests otherwise.
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