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An under-expanded nozzle is one where the exit pressure is

  • A.Equal to ambient
  • B.Zero
  • C.Above ambient, with expansion continuing outside the nozzle
  • D.Below ambient, with shocks inside the nozzle

Answer: C

The flow continues to expand in the free jet, so some of the available energy never acts on the nozzle wall as thrust. A choked convergent nozzle at high pressure ratio is always under-expanded, and the resulting pressure term partly compensates.

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