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A jet that is squeezed inward by oblique shocks on leaving the nozzle indicates that the nozzle has been

  • A.Under-expanded, with exit pressure above ambient
  • B.Perfectly expanded
  • C.Operated below its critical pressure ratio
  • D.Over-expanded, with exit pressure below ambient

Answer: D

The ambient air pushes the jet back inward, producing oblique shocks and possibly separation inside the divergent section. Severe over-expansion loses more than under-expansion would, which is why a fixed nozzle is sized towards the under-expanded side.

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